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Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a means of measuring bone mineral density using X-rays and is typically used to diagnose and follow osteoporosis. This is not a Bone Scan (see Bone Scan).

 A bone scan or bone scintigraphy  is a nuclear medicine test that can help diagnose a number of bone conditions, including cancer of the bone, location of bone inflammation and fractures  and bone infection (osteomyelitis).

 A CT scan (formerly known as a computed axial tomography or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed X-rays allowing the user to see inside the body without cutting .

 Mammography (also called mastography) is the process of using low-energy X-rays to examine the human breast for diagnosis and screening. The goal of mammography is the early detection of breast cancer.

 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)  uses strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body. No x-rays or ionizing radiation is involved with  an MRI.

 Positron Emission Tomography (PET)  uses radioactive substances known as radiotracers to visualize and measure changes in  physiological activities and metabolic processes, including blood flow and absorption. 

 Medical ultrasound is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs. Its aim is often to find a source of a disease or to exclude problems.

 Projectional radiography, also known as conventional radiography produces two-dimensional images by x-ray radiation.  Both the procedure and any resultant images are often simply called "X-ray."